Direct Indirect Speech

Direct Indirect Speech

• Direct speech is reproducing words exactly as they were originally spoken.

• Indirect speech is using a noun clause to report what someone had said.

Example :

Lina   : I came to Tio’s party last Saturday.

Lala   : What did Lina said.

Lila  :  Lina said that she had come to Tio’s party the previous    

         Saturay.

1. When you change direct speech into indirect speech, you also change the adverb of time:

Direct	Indirect
Now Today Tomorrow Next ... Last... .... ago Yesterday The day before yesterday Here This These	Then That day The next day, the day after, the following day The ... after, the following... The. . . before, the previous .... before The day before Two days before There That Those

2. Kind of Indirect sSpeech

a. Statements

Direct : Nando said “I lost my car”

Indirect : Nando said that he had lost his car.

 

b. Questions

Direct : Bella asked me, “ Will you go to the mall?”

 Indirect : Bella asked me whether I would go to the mall.

 

c. Request

Direct : Mr. Aditya said , “ Please open your book on page 50”.

Indirect : Mr. Aditya told us to open our book on page 50.

3. The tense Changing

Direct	Indirect
Present Simple Present Continous Present Perfect Present Perfect Continous Future Simple Future Continous Future Perfect Future perfect Continous Past Simple Past Continous Past Perfect Past Perfect Continous	Past Simple Past Continous Past Perfect Past Perfect Continous Past Future Past Future Continous Past Future Perfect Past Future Perfect Past perfect Past Perfect Continous Past Perfect Past perfect Continous

4. Changing Modal Verb

Direct	Indirect
Can May Must Shall Will	Could Might Had to Should Would

Direct Speech	Þ	Indirect Speech
Simple present He said, “I go to school every day.”	Þ	Simple past He said (that) he went to school every day.
Simple past He said, “I went to school every day.”	Þ	Past perfect He said (that) he had gone to school every day.
Present perfect He said, “I have gone to school every day.”	Þ	Past perfect He said (that) he had gone to school every day.
Present progressive He said, “I am going to school every day.”	Þ	Past progressive He said (that) he was going to school every day.
Past progressive He said, “I was going to school every day.”	Þ	Perfect progressive He said (that) he had been going to school every day,
Future (will) He said, “I will go to school every day.”	Þ	Would + verb name He said (that) he would go to school every day.
Future (going to) He said, “I am going to school every day.”	Þ	Present progressive He said (that) he is going to school every day.
		Past progressive He said (that) he was going to school every day
Direct Speech	Þ	Indirect Speech
Auxiliary + verb name He said, “Do you go to school every day?” He said, “Where do you go to school?”	Þ	Simple past He asked me if I went to school every day.* He asked me where I went to school.
Imperative He said, “Go to school every day.”	Þ	Infinitive He said to go to school every day.

  

Direct Speech	Þ	Indirect Speech
Simple present + simple present He says, “I go to school every day.”	Þ	Simple present + simple present He says (that) he goes to school every day.
Present perfect + simple present He has said, “I go to school every day.”	Þ	Present perfect + simple present He has said (that) he goes to school every day.
Past progressive + simple past He was saying, “I went to school every day.”	Þ	Past progressive + simple past He was saying (that) he went to school every day.
		Past progressive + past perfect He was saying (that) he had gone to school every day.
Future + simple present He will say, “I go to school every day.”	Þ	Future + simple present He will say (that) he goes to school every day.

Direct Speech	Þ	Indirect Speech
can He said, “I can go to school every day.”	Þ	could He said (that) he could go to school every day.
may He said, “I may go to school every day.”	Þ	might He said (that) he might go to school every day.
might He said, “I might go to school every day.”
must He said, “I must go to school every day.”	Þ	had to He said (that) he had to go to school every day.
have to He said, “I have to go to school every day.”
should He said, “I should go to school every day.”	Þ	should He said (that) he should go to school every day.
ought to He said, “I ought to go to school every day.”	Þ	ought to He said (that) he ought to go to school every day.